Publications: PROF Aine Mcknight

( 2025 ) . Retraction notice to “Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial” [J. Clin. Virol. 155C (2022) 105248] . Journal of Clinical Virology vol. 178 , Article 105782 , 105782 - 105782 .

( 2025 ) . Temporary 2-week suspension of methotrexate treatment to enhance COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: the VROOM RCT . Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation1 - 42 .

( 2025 ) . Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial . Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation vol. 12 , ( 05 ) 47 - 48 .

( 2025 ) . Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment versus continued treatment on COVID-19 booster vaccine immunity in adults with inflammatory conditions (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial . Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation vol. 12 , ( 05 ) 45 - 46 .

( 2025 ) . Effects of temporarily suspending low-dose methotrexate treatment for 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster on vaccine response in immunosuppressed adults with inflammatory conditions: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial and nested mechanistic substudy (Vaccine Response On/Off Methotrexate (VROOM) study) . Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation vol. 12 , ( 05 ) 43 - 44 .

( 2025 ) . HIV-1 Vpr alters cellular transcription by targeting the PAF1 complex .

( 2024 ) . Preservation of memory B cell homeostasis in an individual producing broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1 .

( 2024 ) . Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial . The Lancet Rheumatology vol. 6 , ( 2 ) e92 - e104 .

( 2023 ) . The innate immune factor RPRD2/REAF and its role in the Lv2 restriction of HIV . mBio vol. 14 , ( 6 ) Article e02572-21 ,

Miyashita L, Foley G, Semple S, Gibbons JM, Pade C, McKnight Á, Grigg J ( 2023 ) . Curbside particulate matter and susceptibility to SARS–CoV-2 infection . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global vol. 2 , ( 4 ) Article 100141 , 100141 - 100141 .

( 2023 ) . Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 are not associated with differential SARS-CoV-2 antibody or T cell immunity . Nature Communications vol. 14 , ( 1 ) Article 5139 ,

( 2022 ) . Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 during the first wave are not associated with differential immunity to SARS-CoV-2 .

( 2022 ) . Plasma proteomic signature predicts who will get persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection . eBioMedicine vol. 85 , Article 104293 , 104293 - 104293 .

( 2022 ) . RETRACTED: Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial . Journal of Clinical Virology vol. 155 , Article 105248 , 105248 - 105248 .

( 2022 ) . Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Influence SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy or Immunogenicity: Sub-Studies Nested within the CORONAVIT Randomised Controlled Trial . Nutrients vol. 14 , ( 18 ) 3821 - 3821 .

( 2022 ) . Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment versus continued treatment on COVID-19 booster vaccine immunity in adults with inflammatory conditions (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial . The Lancet Respiratory Medicine vol. 10 , ( 9 ) 840 - 850 .

( 2022 ) . Quantitative, multiplexed, targeted proteomics for ascertaining variant specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response . Cell Reports Methods vol. 2 , ( 9 ) Article 100279 , 100279 - 100279 .

( 2022 ) . Correlation Between Postvaccination Anti-Spike Antibody Titers and Protection Against Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study . The Journal of Infectious Diseases vol. 226 , ( 11 ) 1903 - 1908 .

( 2022 ) . Influence of vitamin D supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity .

( 2022 ) . Immune boosting by B.1.1.529\n <b>(</b>\n Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure . Science vol. 377 , ( 6603 ) Article eabq1841 ,

( 2022 ) . Effects of temporarily suspending low-dose methotrexate treatment for 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster on vaccine response in immunosuppressed adults with inflammatory conditions: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial and nested mechanistic substudy (Vaccine Response On/Off Methotrexate (VROOM) study) . BMJ Open vol. 12 , ( 5 ) e062599 - e062599 .

( 2022 ) . HLA‐DR polymorphism in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID‐19 . Immunology vol. 166 , ( 1 ) 68 - 77 .

( 2022 ) . Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections . Cell Reports Medicine vol. 3 , ( 3 ) Article 100557 , 100557 - 100557 .

( 2022 ) . Quantitative, multiplexed, targeted proteomics for ascertaining variant specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response .

( 2022 ) . Generation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on B.1.1.7 lineage in three patients with advanced HIV disease .

( 2022 ) . Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants . Science vol. 375 , ( 6577 ) 183 - 192 .

( 2022 ) . The β-NGF/TrkA Signalling Pathway Is Associated With the Production of Anti-Nucleoprotein IgG in Convalescent COVID-19 . Frontiers in Immunology vol. 12 , Article 813300 ,

( 2021 ) . The β-NGF/TrkA signalling pathway is associated with the production of anti- nucleoprotein IgG in convalescent COVID-19 .

( 2021 ) . Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2 . Nature

( 2021 ) . Prospective Case-Control Study of Cardiovascular Abnormalities 6 Months Following Mild COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers . JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging vol. 14 , ( 11 ) 2155 - 2166 .

( 2021 ) . Blood transcriptional biomarkers of acute viral infection for detection of pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nested, case-control diagnostic accuracy study . The Lancet Microbe vol. 2 , ( 10 ) e508 - e517 .

( 2021 ) . Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2 infection .

( 2021 ) . Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection rescues B and T cell responses to variants after first vaccine dose . Science vol. 372 , ( 6549 ) 1418 - 1423 .

( 2021 ) . Longitudinal assessment of symptoms and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers across 5 hospitals to understand ethnic differences in infection risk . EClinicalMedicine vol. 34 , Article 100835 , 100835 - 100835 .

( 2021 ) . Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by very early T cell proliferation independent of type 1 interferon responses and distinct from other acute respiratory viruses .

( 2021 ) . Antibody response to first BNT162b2 dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals . The Lancet vol. 397 , ( 10279 ) 1057 - 1058 .

( 2021 ) . Time series analysis and mechanistic modelling of heterogeneity and sero-reversion in antibody responses to mild SARS‑CoV-2 infection . EBioMedicine vol. 65 , Article 103259 , 103259 - 103259 .

( 2021 ) . Blood transcriptional biomarkers of acute viral infection for detection of pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection .

( 2020 ) . Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection . Science Immunology vol. 5 , ( 54 ) Article eabf3698 ,

( 2020 ) . Characterising heterogeneity and sero-reversion in antibody responses to mild SARS⍰CoV-2 infection: a cohort study using time series analysis and mechanistic modelling .

( 2020 ) . Healthcare workers with mild / asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection show T cell responses and neutralising antibodies after the first wave .

( 2020 ) . Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19 . Wellcome Open Research vol. 5 , 179 - 179 .

( 2020 ) . Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19 . Wellcome Open Research vol. 5 , 179 - 179 .

( 2020 ) . COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital . The Lancet vol. 395 , ( 10237 ) 1608 - 1610 .

( 2020 ) . HIV-1 Accessory Protein Vpr Interacts with REAF/RPRD2 To Mitigate Its Antiviral Activity . Journal of Virology vol. 94 , ( 4 ) Article e01591-19 ,

( 2020 ) . Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19 .

( 2019 ) . HIV-1 Vpr accessory protein interacts with REAF and mitigates its associated anti-viral activity . Access Microbiology vol. 1 , ( 1A )

( 2019 ) . HIV-1 infectivity of cells is enhanced at mitosis: a role for Vpr? . Access Microbiology vol. 1 , ( 1A )

( 2018 ) . HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr interacts with REAF/RPRD2 to mitigate its antiviral activity .

( 2017 ) . Control of HIV infection by IFN-α: implications for latency and a cure . Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences vol. 75 , ( 5 ) 775 - 783 .

( 2017 ) . RNA-Associated Early-Stage Antiviral Factor Is a Major Component of Lv2 Restriction . Journal of Virology vol. 91 , ( 10 ) Article e01228-16 ,

( 2017 ) . Lessons learned from humoral responses of HIV patients . Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS vol. 12 , ( 3 ) 195 - 202 .

( 2017 ) . Lessons learned from humoral responses of HIV patients . Current opinion in HIV and AIDS vol. 12 , ( 3 ) 195 - 202 .

( 2016 ) . Retroviral restriction: nature's own solution . Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases vol. 29 , ( 6 ) 609 - 614 .

( 2015 ) . The evolution of structured illumination microscopy in studies of HIV . Methods vol. 88 , 20 - 27 .

( 2015 ) . CD4 binding site broadly neutralizing antibody selection of HIV-1 escape mutants . Journal of General Virology vol. 96 , ( 7 ) 1899 - 1905 .

( 2015 ) . Disease progression in HIV-1 controllers; uptake and outcome of antiretroviral therapy . HIV MEDICINE vol. 16 , 20 - 20 .

( 2014 ) . Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses . Retrovirology vol. 11 , ( 1 ) Article 3 ,

( 2013 ) . Human PAF1 inhibition of HIV-1 . Retrovirology vol. 10 , ( S1 ) Article P39 ,

( 2013 ) . Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses . Retrovirology vol. 10 , ( S1 ) Article P57 ,

( 2013 ) . The ins and outs of HIV restriction . Retrovirology vol. 10 , ( S1 ) Article O30 ,

( 2012 ) . Disease Progression in HIV-1–Infected Viremic Controllers . JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes vol. 61 , ( 4 ) 407 - 416 .

( 2012 ) . Accessing of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies from patient libraries by eukaryotic ribosome display . Human Antibodies vol. 21 , ( 1-2 ) 1 - 11 .

( 2012 ) . Accessing of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies from patient libraries by eukaryotic ribosome display . Human Antibodies vol. 21 , ( 1-2 ) 1 - 11 .

( 2011 ) . A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors . Retrovirology vol. 8 , ( 1 ) Article 94 ,

( 2011 ) . Cellular entry via an actin and clathrin-dependent route is required for Lv2 restriction of HIV-2 . VIROLOGY vol. 415 , ( 1 ) 47 - 55 .

( 2010 ) . Neutralization activity in a geographically diverse East London cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: clade C infection results in a stronger and broader humoral immune response than clade B infection . J GEN VIROL vol. 91 , 2794 - 2803 .

( 2010 ) . Interferon-Alpha Mediates Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Replication in Primary Human Macrophages at an Early Stage of Replication . PLOS ONE vol. 5 , ( 10 ) Article e13521 ,

( 2010 ) . A novel envelope mediated post entry restriction of murine leukaemia virus in human cells is Ref1/TRIM5 alpha independent . RETROVIROLOGY vol. 7 , Article 81 ,

( 2010 ) . Novel subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelopes cloned directly from plasma: coreceptor usage and neutralization phenotypes . J GEN VIROL vol. 91 , 2374 - 2380 .

( 2010 ) . Modulation of HIV-1 macrophage-tropism among R5 envelopes occurs before detection of neutralizing antibodies . Retrovirology vol. 7 , ( 1 ) Article 48 ,

( 2010 ) . Anti-infective activity of apolipoprotein domain derived peptides in vitro: identification of novel antimicrobial peptides related to apolipoprotein B with anti-HIV activity . BMC Immunology vol. 11 , ( 1 ) Article 13 ,

( 2010 ) . Analysis of Memory B Cell Responses and Isolation of Novel Monoclonal Antibodies with Neutralizing Breadth from HIV-1-Infected Individuals . PLoS ONE vol. 5 , ( 1 ) e8805 - e8805 .

( 2010 ) . Disease Progression Despite Suppressed Plasma Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Infected Viremic Controllers . AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES . vol. 26 , A163 - A163 .

( 2010 ) . Inter-clade dual HIV-1 infection in the UK - an emerging phenomenon .

( 2010 ) . Tier 1-like neutralization sensitive HIV-1 viruses develop in vivo despite the development and onslaught of potent neutralizing antibodies . AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES . vol. 26 , A158 - A158 .

( 2009 ) . P01-04. Investigation of the sensitivity of acute-phase HIV-1 isolates to type I interferons . Retrovirology vol. 6 , ( S3 ) Article P4 ,

( 2009 ) . P04-35. Neutralisation activity in a geographically diverse East London cohort of HIV-1 infected patients . Retrovirology vol. 6 , ( S3 ) Article P63 ,

( 2009 ) . P16-21. Altered T cell homeostasis and activation in HIV-1 elite suppressors with low CD4+ T-cell counts . Retrovirology vol. 6 , ( S3 ) Article P250 ,

( 2009 ) . <scp>HIV</scp>\n Vaccine Approaches . Wiley

( 1999 ) . HIV coreceptors, cell tropism and inhibition by chemokine receptor ligands . Molecular Membrane Biology . vol. 16 , 49 - 55 .

( 2009 ) . High-risk sexual behaviour and HIV-1 superinfection: an indication for early initiation of antiretroviral therapy? . HIV MEDICINE vol. 10 , 54 - 55 .

( 2008 ) . Llama Antibody Fragments with Cross-Subtype Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Neutralizing Properties and High Affinity for HIV-1 gp120 . J VIROL vol. 82 , ( 24 ) 12069 - 12081 .

( 2008 ) . A Panel of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Isolated from Non-clade B HIV-1 Infected Donors . AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES . vol. 24 , 3 - 3 .

( 2008 ) . Role of Complement in HIV Infection: A 2-edged Sword? . AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES . vol. 24 , 84 - 84 .

( 2007 ) . Clade specific neutralising vaccines for HIV: An appropriate target? . CURR HIV RES vol. 5 , ( 6 ) 554 - 560 .

( 2007 ) . Apolipoprotein E‐derived antimicrobial peptide analogues with altered membrane affinity and increased potency and breadth of activity . The FEBS Journal vol. 274 , ( 17 ) 4511 - 4525 .

( 2006 ) . Novel envelope determinants for CCR3 use by human immunodeficiency virus . J VIROL vol. 80 , ( 21 ) 10884 - 10889 .

( 2006 ) . Primary CCR5 only using HIV-1 isolates does not accurately represent the in vivo replicating quasi-species . VIROLOGY vol. 351 , ( 2 ) 489 - 496 .

( 2006 ) . Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 have different replication kinetics in human primary macrophage culture . J GEN VIROL vol. 87 , 411 - 418 .

( 2005 ) . An envelope-determined, pH-independent endocytic route of viral entry determines the susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 to Lv2 restriction . J VIROL vol. 79 , ( 15 ) 9410 - 9418 .

( 2005 ) . The promiscuous CC chemokine receptor D6 is a functional coreceptor for primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 on astrocytes . J VIROL vol. 79 , ( 15 ) 9618 - 9624 .

( 2005 ) . HIV-1 incorporates ABO histo-blood group antigens that sensitize virions to complement-mediated inactivation . BLOOD vol. 105 , ( 12 ) 4693 - 4699 .

( 2005 ) . Detection of antibody-dependent complement-mediated inactivation of both autologous and heterologous virus in primary human immunodeficiency virus type I infection . J VIROL vol. 79 , ( 5 ) 2823 - 2830 .

( 2004 ) . Lv2, a novel postentry restriction, is mediated by both capsid and envelope . J VIROL vol. 78 , ( 4 ) 2006 - 2016 .

( 2004 ) . Development of the antibody response in acute HIV-1 infection . AIDS vol. 18 , ( 3 ) 371 - 381 .

( 2003 ) . Blocking the docking of HIV-1 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 100 , ( 19 ) 10581 - 10582 .

( 2003 ) . Productive HIV-2 infection in the brain is restricted to macrophages/microglia . AIDS vol. 17 , ( 10 ) 1451 - 1455 .

( 2003 ) . Identification of a Subset of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains Able To Exploit an Alternative Coreceptor on Untransformed Human Brain and Lymphoid Cells . Journal of Virology vol. 77 , ( 11 ) 6138 - 6152 .

( 2003 ) . CD4-dependent and CD4-independent HIV-2: consequences for neutralization . AIDS vol. 17 , ( 3 ) 291 - 300 .

( 2003 ) . Human Leydig cells are productively infected by some HIV-2 and SIV strains but not by HIV-1 . AIDS vol. 17 , ( 2 ) 183 - 188 .

( 2002 ) . Cell surface receptors, virus entry and tropism of primate lentiviruses . Journal of General Virology vol. 83 , ( 8 ) 1809 - 1829 .

( 2001 ) . HIV-1 receptors and cell tropism . British Medical Bulletin vol. 58 , ( 1 ) 43 - 59 .

( 2001 ) . Characterization of a late entry event in the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 . J VIROL vol. 75 , ( 15 ) 6914 - 6922 .

( 1999 ) . Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Isolates Infect CD4-Negative Cells via CCR5 and CXCR4: Comparison with HIV-1 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Relevance to Cell Tropism In Vivo . Journal of Virology vol. 73 , ( 9 ) 7795 - 7804 .

( 1999 ) . HIV . Current Biology vol. 9 , ( 7 ) R234 - R234 .

( 1998 ) . CXCR4 as a Functional Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Primary Macrophages . Journal of Virology vol. 72 , ( 10 ) 8453 - 8457 .

( 1998 ) . A Broad Range of Chemokine Receptors Are Used by Primary Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 as Coreceptors with CD4 . Journal of Virology vol. 72 , ( 5 ) 4065 - 4071 .

( 1997 ) . CD4-Independent Infection by HIV-2 (ROD/B): Use of the 7-Transmembrane Receptors CXCR-4, CCR-3, and V28 for Entry . Virology vol. 231 , ( 1 ) 130 - 134 .

( 1997 ) . Role of the Amino-Terminal Extracellular Domain of CXCR-4 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry . Virology vol. 231 , ( 1 ) 105 - 111 .

( 1997 ) . HIV-1 tropism and co-receptor use . Nature vol. 385 , ( 6616 ) 495 - 496 .

( 1997 ) . Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus fusion by a monoclonal antibody to a coreceptor (CXCR4) is both cell type and virus strain dependent . Journal of Virology vol. 71 , ( 2 ) 1692 - 1696 .

( 1997 ) . Is CD4 sufficient for HIV entry? Cell surface molecules involved in HIV infection . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences vol. 342 , ( 1299 ) 67 - 73 .

( 1996 ) . HIV entry into cells by CD4-independent mechanisms . Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design vol. 5 , ( 1 ) 83 - 92 .

( 1996 ) . CD4-Independent Infection by HIV-2 Is Mediated by Fusin/CXCR4 . Cell vol. 87 , ( 4 ) 745 - 756 .

( 1996 ) . Location, exposure, and conservation of neutralizing and nonneutralizing epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 2 SU glycoprotein . Journal of Virology vol. 70 , ( 7 ) 4598 - 4606 .

( 1995 ) . Immune escape and tropism of HIV . Trends in Microbiology vol. 3 , ( 9 ) 356 - 361 .

( 1995 ) . Cell-to-Cell Fusion, but Not Virus Entry in Macrophages by T-Cell Line Tropic HIV-1 Strains: A V3 Loop-Determined Restriction . Virology vol. 209 , ( 2 ) 696 - 700 .

( 1995 ) . Change in tropism upon immune escape by human immunodeficiency virus . Journal of Virology vol. 69 , ( 5 ) 3167 - 3170 .

( 1994 ) . CD26 Antigen and HIV Fusion? . Science vol. 264 , ( 5162 ) 1159 - 1160 .

( 1994 ) . HIV-2 and SIV Infection of Nonprimate Cell Lines Expressing Human CD4: Restrictions to Replication at Distinct Stages . Virology vol. 201 , ( 1 ) 8 - 18 .

( 1993 ) . Further characterization of an antigenic site of HIV-I gp120 recognized by virus neutralizing human monoclonal anti bodies . AIDS vol. 7 , ( 7 ) 919 - 924 .

( 1992 ) . Mapping of homologous, amino-terminal neutralizing regions of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II gp46 envelope glycoproteins . Journal of Virology vol. 66 , ( 10 ) 5879 - 5889 .

( 1992 ) . The Control of the Antibody Isotype Response to Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Antigen by Adjuvants . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses vol. 8 , ( 10 ) 1765 - 1771 .

( 1992 ) . Development of HIV-1 group-specific neutralizing antibodies after seroconversion . AIDS vol. 6 , ( 8 ) 799 - 802 .

( 1992 ) . Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection and fusion of CD4-negative human cell lines: induction and enhancement by soluble CD4 . Journal of Virology vol. 66 , ( 6 ) 3531 - 3537 .

( 1991 ) . Differential loss of envelope glycoprotein gp120 from virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: effects on infectivity and neutralization . Journal of Virology vol. 65 , ( 2 ) 852 - 860 .

( 1991 ) . Studies on the immunogenicity of chinese hamster ovary cell-derived recombinant gp120 (HIV-1IIIB) . Vaccine vol. 9 , ( 1 ) 47 - 52 .

( 1990 ) . Localization of the receptor gene for type D simian retroviruses on human chromosome 19 . Journal of Virology vol. 64 , ( 12 ) 6214 - 6220 .

( 1990 ) . HIV-1 Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by a Synthetic Peptide . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses vol. 6 , ( 9 ) 1115 - 1123 .

( 1989 ) . Evaluation of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Plaque and Neutralization Assays . Journal of General Virology vol. 70 , ( 12 ) 3327 - 3333 .

( 1988 ) . HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES - NEUTRALIZATION AND RECEPTORS . JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY vol. 1 , ( 6 ) 536 - 541 .

Miyashita L, Foley G, Semple S, Gibbons J, Pade C, Mcknight A, Grigg J . Kerbside Particulate Matter and Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection .

. Large Clones of Pre-Existing T Cells Drive Early Immunity Against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV Infection .

. Longitudinal Assessment of Symptoms and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers Across 5 Hospitals to Understand Ethnic Differences in Infection Risk .